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| 1620 December 26 |
| | | The Pilgrims on the Mayflower select a place for their settlement, and give it the name of Plymouth, their port of departure in England | |
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| 1620 |
| | | William Bradford begins a journal of the Pilgrims' experience in New England, subsequently published (in 1856) as History of Plymouth Plantation | |
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| 1621 autumn |
| | | The Mayflower settlers in Plymouth offer thanksgiving for their first harvest, eating turkeys in a celebration shared by local Indians | |
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| 1621 |
| | | William Bradford, one of the Pilgrims from the Mayflower, is elected governor of the new Plymouth Colony | |
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| 1621 |
| | | The Dutch West India Company is chartered to trade and found colonies anywhere along the entire American coast | |
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| 1622 |
| | | A sudden attack by Powhatan Indians, led by their chieftain Opechancanough against the English colony at Jamestown, results in the death of more than 300 settlers | |
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| c. 1625 |
| | | The Dutch gradually exclude the Portuguese from the immensely lucrative trade in cloves from the Spice Islands (or Moluccas) | |
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| 1626 |
| | | Peter Minuit purchases the island of Manhattan from local Indians and calls the place New Amsterdam | |
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| 1627 |
| | | A British colony is founded in Barbados and within fifteen years has 18,000 settlers | |
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| c. 1630 |
| | | Rival Dutch, English and French colonies are established in Guiana, the northeast coast of south America | |
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